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5/18/2019

Unit Test (Chapter 16,17 & 18) on Wednesday, May 21st

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Study guide

16. 1 The Cell Cycle

  • give examples of somatic cells
  • define DNA, chromosome, histone, chromatid, centromere
  • be able to draw a chromosome and label all the parts
  • What are homologous chromosomes? What is another name for them?
  • What are sex chromosomes? 
  • What is the difference between homologous and sex chromosomes?
  • What is the difference between diploid and haploid?
  • What is a karyotype? What kind of information can you infer from a karyotype? 
  • List and describe the stages of the cell cycle


16.2 The Reproduction of Somatic Cells

  • identify and describe the phases of mitosis
  • What is the purpose/functions of mitosis? (textbook p. 556)
  • Be able to label and draw the phases of mitosis on your own.
  • What happens during cytokinesis?
  • What is the difference in mitosis between plant and animal cells?


16.3 The Formation of Gametes

  • What are gametes?
  • Identify and describe the phases of meiosis I and II
  • What is the purpose of meiosis I and II?
  • What is crossing over, non-disjunction (monosomy and trisomy)?
  • Describe the process of sperm cell production during spermatogenesis (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes  secondary spermatocytes, spermatids)
  • Describe the process of egg production during oogenesis (oogonium, primary oocyte, secondary oocyte, first polar body, second polar body)

16.4 Reproductive Strategies

  • Describe reproduction prokaryotes 
    • ​binary fission
    • conjugation
  • Describe Asexual reproduction strategies
    • vegetative reproduction
    • fragmentation
    • parthenogenesis
  • Explain alternation of generations
    • difference and function of sporophyte and gametophyte


17.1 Laying Foundations: Peas, Patterns and Probabilities

  • You need to understand the following terms: monohybrid cross, dominant, recessive, genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, dihybrid cross
  • Name and explain the law of segregation (mendel's first law)
  • Be able to create a monohybrid and dihybrid cross (p-generation, F1-G, F2-G, use a punnet square)
  • Name the genotype and phenotype ratio from a cross
  • Describe the purpose of a test cross
  • Explain what is the difference between incomplete dominance and co-dominance by using an example
  • Describe sickle cell anemia. 



17.2 Extending Mendel's Laws

  • explain what crossing over and linked-genes are
  • explain what chromosome mapping and map unit is
  • Distinguish between the terms recombinant types and parental types
  • Calculate the recombination frequency (know the formula-p. 600)
  • Draw a chromosome map showing the linear arrangement of genes on one chromosome 
  • Explain sex-linked traits (example: eye colour fruit fly, colour blindness in humans)
  • Illustrate sex-linked crosses by using a punnet square
  • Explain why the formation of a barr body means that human females have only one functioning x chromosome in each somatic cell
  • Explain what multiple alleles are
  • Illustrate ABO blood type by using a punnet square (p. 606-sample problem)
  • Describe what continuous and polygenic traits are (p. 605-607)

17.3 Genetics and Society

  • Explain what a pedigree is (understand the symbols that are used in pedigrees)
  • What is autosomal inheritance, autosomal dominant/recessive inheritance and sex-linked traits?
  • Examine pedigrees and identify the genotypes of each individual


18.1 DNA Structure and Replication

  • What was the contribution of Franklin, Watson and Crick?
  • Draw and label a DNA double helix (complementary base pairs, antiparallel)
  • Explain Chargaff's rule and be able to calculate the proportions of the different bases (see p.627 practice problem)
  • Define the terms gene and genome
  • Describe the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA
  • Describe the process of replication (name all events, enzymes, semi-conservative replication)


18.2 Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression

  • Explain the path of gene expression
  • Describe what is the genetic code, be able to read the table on page 637, (example: UUU=phenylalanine)
  • Describe the purpose and function of transcription and translation (name the start codon and stop codons)
  • Name the different types of RNA's and their function (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA) (label a tRNA) (see p.640-table)

  • 18.3 Mutations and Genetic Recombination
  • Explain the different types of mutations using an example
  • Differentiate between physical and chemical mutagens
  • Describe why your mitochondrial DNA is identical to the mitochondrial DNA of your mother rather than your father (p. 647)
  • Explain the purpose of genetic engineering and explain the process of restriction endonucleases 
  • Explain gel electrophoresis (DNA fingerprint), be able to interpret a DNA fingerprint diagram (p. 651-thought lab) 
    18.4 Genetics and Society
  • List and explain the stages of genetic engineering experiments (DNA cleavage-production of recombinant DNA-cloning-screening)
  • List and explain different types of biotechnology products (medical bacteria, transgenic plants, clones and transgenic animals)
  • Explain how genetic disorders can be diagnosed and treated (prenatal diagnosis, genetic screening, gene therapy)

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  • Home
  • Science 9
    • Study Guides-Science 9
    • Unit 1: Matter & Chemical Change
    • Unit 2: Environmental Chemistry
    • Unit 1: Biological Diversity
    • Unit 4: Electricity >
      • Infographic
    • Unit 5: Space Exploration
  • Science 10
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    • Calendar
    • Science 10 Project
    • Unit 1: Energy & Matter in Chemical Change
    • Unit 2: Physics
    • Unit 3: Biology
  • Biology 20
    • Games
    • Bio20-Study Guides
    • Bio20-Calendar
    • Unit 1: Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
    • Unit 2: Human Systems >
      • Chapter 6: Digestion and Human Health >
        • Chp. 6: Macromolecules
      • Chapter 7: The Respiratory System >
        • Mechanics of Breathing
      • Chapter 8: The Circulatory System >
        • The Heart
        • Blood typing
        • The Human Heart Anatomy Animation
      • Chapter 9: The Excretory System
      • Chapter 10: The Muscular System
    • Unit 3: Energy & Matter >
      • Chapter 1: Energy Transfer in the Biosphere
      • Chapter 2: Cycles of Matter
    • Unit 4: Ecosystems & Population Change >
      • Chapter 3: Ecosystems and their Diversity
      • Chapter 4: Mechanisms of Population Change
  • Anatomy & Physiology
    • Bio30-Study Guides
    • Bio30-Calendar
    • Diploma Preparation
    • Unit 5: The Nervous and Endocrine Systems >
      • Chapter 11-Nervous System >
        • Drugs
      • Chapter 12-Sensory Reception >
        • Golden Age
      • Chapter 13: Endocrine System >
        • Endocrine Disruptors
    • Unit 6: Reproduction and Development >
      • Chapter 14: The Continuance of Human Life
      • Chapter 15: Human Development
    • Unit 7: Cell Division, Genetics & Molecular Biology >
      • Chapter 16: Cellular Reproduction
      • Chapter 17: Patterns & Processes in Inheritance >
        • Chp. 17 Activiites
      • Chapter 18: Molecular Genetics >
        • Interactive Games
        • Student Presentations
    • Unit 8: Population and Community Dynamics >
      • Chapter 19: Genetic Diversity in Populations
      • Chapter 20: Population Growth and Interactions
  • ART
    • Art 10 >
      • Final Project
      • Art 10 Projects 2018
      • Art 10 Projects 2017
      • Art 10 Projects 2016
      • Art 10 Projects 2015
      • Art 10 Projects 2014
      • Art 10 Projects 2013
      • Elements of ART
      • Perspective Drawing
    • Art 20 >
      • Unit 1: Drawing
      • Unit 2: Painting
      • Block Printing
      • Unit 3: Mixed Media
      • Unit 4: Watercolour
      • Final Project
    • Art 30 >
      • Handlettering
      • Architecture
      • Unit 1: Drawing
      • Unit: Painting
      • Mixed Media
    • Art Shows
    • Art Videos
  • Contact Me